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Lots of other Scientologist-run companies and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directories of WISE-affiliated businesses. WISE requires those who wish to become Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the schools of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.




This area needs growth. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to help with the ongoing expansion of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the kind of effective or respected individuals. Perth Scientology. Though it has actually obtained some trustworthiness as a faith in numerous countries, Scientology has actually likewise been described as both a cult and a company.

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For instance, it has actually been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of visibility" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its look these up development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually at first demandedand the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the presidential shift group obtaining public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has slammed Western European countries see here now for discrimination against Scientologists in its released annual International Religious Freedom report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated lawfully as a company, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and numerous related terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Workplace of The Guardian was developed with its head office situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology. Under The Guardian's Office (later on renamed resource the Workplace of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and devoted among the largest penetration of United States federal companies ever perpetrated by a company not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these offenders is of a breadth and scope previously unprecedented. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No person or company was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past made usage of aggressive methods in addressing those it views as trying to reduce them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Using blank paper known to have actually been managed by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was found at the exact same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.